Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in nigeria pdf. Data on 658 children less than 6 months of age were obtained from the nigeria demographic and health survey ndhs 2003. Pdf determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in nigeria. Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in nigeria. In nigeria, an estimate of 22% of newborn deaths could be prevented if breastfeeding were started within the first hour of births. Exclusive breastfeeding and its associated factors among. Increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding policy. Breastfeeding protects against diarrhoea and common childhood illnesses such as pneumonia, and may also have longerterm health benefits for the mother and child, such as reducing the risk of overweight and obesity in childhood and.
Breastfeeding has many health benefits for both the mother and infant. Exclusive breastfeeding in africa is highly varied within and between countries, with many countries unlikely to reach world health organization 2025 targets without urgent action. Bfhi is a project through which the practice of exclusive breastfeeding is being supported, promoted and. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding ebf for the first six months of life has remained low worldwide and in ghana, despite strong evidence in support of its practice. Breastfeeding is a recognized means of ensuring optimal nutrition for the infant.
Exclusive breastfeeding practice and nutritional status of. Exclusive breastfeeding rates and associated factors in mdpi. These nutrients are major prerequisites to the health and survival of the baby. In resource limited settings where poor and sub optimal breastfeeding practices frequently result to child. In many societies around the world, older women are seen as owners of traditional knowledge and cultural history which has strong community significance bezner et. Pdf abstract breastfeeding confers numerous benefits on babies and mothers. Ebf plays a pivotal role in determining the optimal health and development of infants, and is associated with a decreased risk for many earlylife diseases and conditions, including. Yet, worldwide, there are still low levels of optimal breastfeeding.
Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in nigeria bmc. Current status breastfeeding data were obtained from 2794 mothers, enrolled from randomly selected infant welfare clinics in ibadan, nigeria, to evaluate factors that are associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Th e federal government has a policy that says nursing mothers should breast feed exclusively for six months and thereafter, complementary feeding can be introduced while breastfeeding is. Globally, just 38% of infants less than 6 months are exclusively breastfed. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life is a natural, cost effective and feasible intervention that promotes child survival. Exclusive breast feeding ebf has important protective effects on the survival of infants and decreases risk for many earlylife diseases. Research article open access determinants of exclusive. The median exclusive breastfeeding period in southwest nigeria by months in. Factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding practice in rural communities of cross river state, nigeria international journal of humanities social sciences and education ijhsse page 103. The early practices supporting breastfeeding are well practiced with rate of exclusive breastfeeding reaching 63. The trend of exclusive breastfeeding among infants less than 6 months in developing countries has taken over. Constraints to exclusive breastfeeding practice among. Exclusive breastfeeding is reportedly low in many countries 3,4,5,6,7. Initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour of life.
Although nigeria has adopted exclusive breastfeeding ebf as a national policy 10, only 27% nigerian women are reported to be practicing. Pdf knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding in. The rate jumped from 17 percent where it has stagnated for nearly. The federal government has said that a national survey revealed that only 27 per cent of children in the country are given exclusive breastfeeding by their mothers, leaving. Appropriate infant feeding practises are needed if nigeria is to reach the. The neonatal questionnaire was sent to the mother when her infant is approximately 3 weeks old. Breast milk is rich in nutrients and antibodies and contains the right quantities of fat, sugar, water and protein. Exclusive breastfed infants are much less likely to. Despite the importance of breast milk, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding ebf in nigeria is far lower than what has been recommended for developing countries. This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in the tamale metropolis of ghana. Also aniebue and adioma 2010, evaluated the knowledge, beliefs and attitude of rural nigeria women to ebf using a sample of 200 mothers from the rural community of enugu nigeria, out of the 154 82.
Exclusive breast feeding ebf has important protective effects on the survival. According to the national demographic health survey ndhs 2018, which is the most recent survey, in. Abuja for the first time ever, exclusive breastfeeding of newborns in nigeria is 25 percent. Nigerias exclusive breastfeeding rate rises to 25%nigeria. National breastfeeding awareness campaign ad insert pdf icon pdf 221kb the birth screener consisted of a very short telephone interview with any adult household member to determine whether the infant had been born and to determine whether the family qualified to continue their participation in the study. Knowledge, attitude and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among. For infants to survive, grow and develop properly they require the right proportion of nutrients. Exclusive breastfeeding practice and its association among.
Effectiveness of breastfeeding interventions delivered to. Depending on the methods used to determine exclusive breastfeeding, there were significant differences in rates of exclusive breastfeeding using the last week and since birth using recall methods at 4 and 6 months, and at 6 months, only using the 24. Nigeria is one of the countries where sixmonth exclusive breastfeeding is regarded as an important public health issue because of the benefit it offers. Among rural women in zambia, fear of dying is reported as a major barrier to exclusive breastfeeding and these women rely on older relatives for information about breastfeeding. Very low exclusive breastfeeding rate has persisted among mothers in nigeria with the national rate at 25% in 2014 national. Mothers knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices concerning exclusive breastfeeding in calabar, nigeria 69 and hausas. It also asked about early feeding practices including herbal intake by the infant, sources of information, sources of support, and any feedingrelated treatment for jaundice. Study of exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers. This questionnaire examined factors that commonly occur near the time of the birth and that affect infant feeding choices. Mapping exclusive breastfeeding in africa between 2000 and. Despite the efficacy of the early exclusive breastfeeding ebf approach to child nutrition in reducing child mortality, few nursing mothers in nigeria are willing to adopt this method of feeding. Exclusive breastfeeding, without any additional food or fluids, not even water, for the first six months. Nigerian mothers still shun exclusive breastfeeding.
Exclusive breastfeeding in nigeria social, cultural. The majority of the people are farmers, traders, fishermen and civil servants. Exclusive breastfeeding practice and nutritional status of infants attending university of nigeria teaching hospital enugu, nigeria anoshirike, c. This study was aimed at investigating the determinants and geographical variations of ebf in nigeria. Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in ibadan. Exclusive breastfeeding ebf for the first 6 months of life improves the growth, health and survival status of newborns and is one of the most natural and best forms of preventive medicine 2,3. Exclusive breastfeeding rate in nigeria as low as 17 per. In subsaharan africa, cameroon remains one of the countries with low rates of exclusive breastfeeding, though higher than its neighbouring congo, nigeria, gabon and chad. Despite strong evidences in support of ebf for the first six months of life, its prevalence has remained low worldwide. Exclusive breastfeeding has been promoted severally but its practice has remained poor in nigeria. Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in nigeria researchgate. Based on the 201617 mics, women in northern nigeria rank lowest in breastfeeding their children exclusively while women in the southwest zone lead in exclusive breastfeeding. Factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding practice in.
Thereafter children should receive complementary foods with continued breastfeeding up to 2 years of age or beyond. Of the total sample of 658 children aged below 6 months from nigeria, the proportion of infants who were ebf was 16. Knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding in kware, nigeria. Exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life stimulates babies immune systems and protects them from diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections two of the major causes of infant mortality in the developing world and improves their responses. Without workplace support, exclusive breastfeeding is difficult for working mothers who return to work. Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as feeding an infant child breast milk. Knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among. Original article current knowledge and practice of. Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as feeding an infant child breast milk only, and for optimal nutrition it is recommended that infants be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life. In nigeria, women report that colostrum is dirty like pus and expressed milk is susceptible to witchcraft and poisoning 21. The purpose of this study was to assess the factors associated with ebf in nigeria. Thus, scaling up of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers requires concerted. According to nutritionist and dietician, dr chika ndiokwelu in nigeria demographic and health survey ndhs, 20, exclusive breastfeeding rate in nigeria is 17 percent.
This study centers on the study of exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers a case study of the nursing mothers, in enugu state college of education technical. Increasing rates of exclusive breastfeeding can help drive progress against other global nutrition targets. This research was therefore undertaken in order to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices kap on ebf of antenatal clinic attendees in northeastern nigeria. Breastfeeding practices and determinants of exclusive. Breast milk contains all the nutrients an infant needs in the first six months of life. Exploring the barriers to exclusive breastfeeding in. Until 2001, breastfeeding rates for infants exclusively breastfed between 06 months, infants breastfed with complementary food for 69 months and infants breastfed up to 20. I3 1nutrition and dietetics department, school of sciences, imo state polytechnic umuagwo, ohaji, p. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in nigeria article pdf available in bmc pregnancy and childbirth 111. Knowledge, attitude and techniques of breastfeeding among. In nigeria, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding has varied widely from 67% in jos, northcentral 22, 52.
Human milk is the ideal nourishment for infants survival, growth and development. The national figure of 17 per cent in the nigeria development and healthg survey ndhs 20 as exclusive breastfeeding rate is very low, the states special adviser on primary healthcare, dr. Nigeria vows 50% exclusive breastfeeding by 2018 blueprint. Olufemi onanuga, stated at the 2016 world breastfeeding week commemoration press briefing in alausa, ikeja recently. Population in this study, the research population comprised mothers aged 1549 years with children. Breastfeeding creates an inimitable psychosocial bond between the mother and baby 4, 5, enhances modest cognitive deve lopment and it is the underpinning of the infants wellbeing in the first year of life 5, 7 even into the second. The basic identified problem is that in spite of the importance of exclusive breast feeding, some nursing mothers are yet to adopt it. Knowledge, attitude and support for exclusive breastfeeding among. In 20, the nigeria demographic health survey, ndhs, put the countrys exclusive breastfeeding at 17 per cent. The proportion of ebf infants 0 to 1 months of age was 26. Breastfeeding is the act of milk transference from mother to baby that is needed for the survival and healthy growth of the baby into an adult 2, 3.
In these cases, we suggest a minimum increase of 1. What are the latest figures on breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding rates in nigeria. The knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding was found to increase with increasing age and better educational status of the women. Worse still, the practise has been on downward trend in the country recently. In a descriptive crosssectional study, 393 motherinfant pairs attending child. Onah s, osuorah di, ebenebe j, ezechukwu c, ekwochi u, ndukwu i 2014 infant feeding practices and maternal sociodemographic factors that influence practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in nnewi southeast nigeria. The federal ministry of health fmoh, 2010 through the national policy on infant and. Pdf exclusive breast feeding ebf has important protective effects on the survival of infants and decreases risk for many earlylife diseases. This, to a large extent, has been inspired by mounting scientific evidence on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding in reducing infant morbidity and mortality.
Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in nigeria ncbi. Pdf abstract background exclusive breast feeding ebf has important protective effects on the survival of infants and decreases risk for many. Boosting breastfeeding in nigeria the guardian nigeria. Maternal sociodemographic determinants of exclusive. Unicef progress for children exclusive breastfeeding. Ecological study of effect of breast feeding on infant mortality in latin america. A nigerian national survey done in 2008 showed that ebf rates still remain very low %. National policy on infant and young child feeding in nigeria 9 life, is crucial to achieving optimal outcomes, necessitates the development of a policy on infant and young child feeding. It is important to note that supportive policies and comprehensive programs should work in collaboration to increase exclusive breastfeeding rate. According to her, the federal government has put in place policies and regulations that will help safe guard exclusive breastfeeding in nigeria. Bmc pregnancy and childbirth determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in nigeria kingsley e agho 0 michael j dibley 2 justice i odiase 1 sunday m ogbonmwan 1 0 school of medicine, the university of western sydney, nsw, australia 1 department of mathematics, the university of benin, benin, nigeria 2 sydney school of public health, the university of sydney, nsw, australia background. This study aims to determine the knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers who bring their children to the department of paediatrics.
Research article open access determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in nigeria kingsley e agho1, michael j dibley2, justice i odiase3, sunday m ogbonmwan3 abstract background. This low level of exclusive breast feeding practice among nursing mothers in nigeria as observed in the present study, though also established in a number of other nigerian studies, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding appear to vary across and within the regions from 10% 56% 19, with a few studies reporting prevalence rates. Nigerias exclusive breastfeeding rate rises to 25%. The research setting was calabar, the capital of cross river state, nigeria.
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