Cocoa plant, people and profit in ghana intechopen. A total of 85 villages in the four regions were visited and household heads were interviewed. It has been estimated that in 20102011 exports of cocoa ghanas reached 1 004 000 mt gain, 2012in terms of world cocoa exports, ghana has maintained its. The boardmanaged cocoa sector in ghana ebook written by kolavalli, shashidhara, vigneri, marcella. The netherlands is the worlds largest processor of cacao, and amsterdam is the worlds largest storage and transshipment port for ghanaian cocoa. Brief history of cocoa in ghana february 7, 2019 tetteh quarshies travels to fernando po now bioko in todays equatorial guinea, was to transform the economy of the gold coast now ghana with his introduction of cocoa beans on his return. Let us hope for another such season to compensate for some of the main crops shortfall. Analysis of incentives and disincentives for cocoa in ghana. Hence, sustainability of the cocoa industry in ghana depends on ethical unity. The sample size in each region was proportional to its cocoa production.
Jurgen pohlan, valentin diaz perez encyclopedia of life support systems eolss theobroma cacao is commonly characterized by three main cacao cultivars. Key architecture will give viewers a history of the crop and its significance in ghanas socioecomonic makeup, and how projects like these. Learn about the history, processing, and products of cocoa. Cocoa, highly concentrated powder made from a paste prepared from cocoa beans of the cacao tree and used in beverages and as a flavoring ingredient. It provides overviews of uptodate technologies and approaches to modern cocoa production practices, global production. Since then the ecological system of the cocoa plant, people involved in its management and their profit motives have been interwoven. During that same period, it was transplanted to fiji, madagascar, samoa. Cocoa is the chief agricultural export of ghana and the countrys main cash crop. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read the cocoa coast. The cocoa plant ecosystem in ghana has been performing well under. Soon after that the country became the worlds leading producer of cocoa. Reviving the history of cocoa production in ghana design. Pdf an empirical analysis of cocoa bean production in ghana. The export of cocoa from ghana began in 1891, the official exported in 1893 two bags exported.
In 1847 joseph fry creates a moldable paste of cocoa powder, sugar and cocoa butter. In ghana the cocoa production has steadily risen from 300,000 tons in 1995 to 900,000 tons in 2014. In 20172018, africas cocoa bean production amounted to around 3. Ghanaian agriculturalist tetteh quarshie first made a discovery of the seeds on a voyage to the spanish colonies of equatorial guinea in 1879.
Cocoa producer price increased share of cocoa in gdp rose from 4. In 1870 tetteh quarshie introduced the cocoa crops to ghana a preindependence ghanaian which today constitute one of the major export crops of the ghanaian economy. The republic of ghana is named after the medieval west african ghana empire. Cocoa production and processing technology presents detailed explanations of the technologies that could be employed to assure sustainable production of highquality and safe cocoa beans for the global confectionary industry. The forthcoming book by shashi kolavalli and marcella vigneri, the cocoa coast. Cocoa production occurs in the countrys forested areas. According to asantepoku and angelucci the main factors that have contributed to the increase in ghanas cocoa production are the support measures of the governmentowned cocoa marketing board cocobod. Pdf economic analysis of cocoa production in ghana. The growing population of cocoa farmers also reinvested its profits in expan ding cocoa production in the western end of ghana s forest zone, rapidly shifting the production frontier into ashanti and brong. It originates from the seeds cocoa beans of the cocoa fruits cocoa pods, which grow on cocoa trees. It provides a sample narrative of ghanas cocoa industry from the late 19th.
The cocoa plant ecosystem in ghana has been performing well under variable. Ivory coast, ghana, nigeria and cameroon produce 70% of the worlds cocoa beans. In recognition of the contribution of cocoa to the development of ghana, the government in 1947 established the ghana cocoa board cocobod as the main government agency responsible for the development of the industry. Ghana and the netherlands cocoa production cocoa from. In 2011, ghanas lightcrop cocoa harvest, which produces smaller beans, more than doubled to 97,965 metric tons in the 12 weeks of the season to sept. The country is the second largest exporter in the world, producing almost a million tonnes of beans every year.
And thus, cocoa is usually their main source of income. The book s second chapter, world cocoa map, takes us through the history of the human use of cocoa, beginning in aztec and mayan civilizations and travelling to europe in the 16th century. Cocoa from ghana history of cocoa cocoa from ghana. The case of eastern region article pdf available in custos e agronegocio 111. Brief history of cocoa in ghana agricinghana media. The majority of the primary producers or farmers in ghanas cocoa production value chain are smallholders. Now, theyll be sharing their vision at design indaba festival in an exhibition that will include plans, 3d renders and animations.
Ghanas contribution to the worlds total output then was 40%. The museum that will relive the history of cocoa production in ghana. Ghana attained the number one status in the production of cocoa in 1911 with 41,000 tons. Pdf cocoa production in ghana kwasi clarks academia. From the gold coast ghana cocoa beans or cuttings were sent to other countries like nigeria and sierra leone. In fact, cocoa has appeared in different cultures worldwide for hundreds of years.
The cacao bean was so significant to the local cultures that it was used as a. Great overview of cocoa industry in ghana and cote divoire, addressing both similarities. Agroecosystem analysis aesa in cocoa 60 exercise 4. The typical ghanaian cocoa producer earns his livelihood on a diversified family farm with the revenues from the cocoa enterprise accounting for about 55% of the household. Use of cacao dates back 2000 years to central and south america, but is native to the amazon and is still used today as part of their daily staple diet. In ghana, cocoa farmers face challenges such as aging trees, pests, and diseases. This statistic shows the world cocoa production by country from 201220 to 20172018. Add tags for the gold coast cocoa industry 19001939. Although cocoa beans originate from south america, the majority of cocoa bean production is attributed to africa. The books second chapter, world cocoa map, takes us through the history of the human use of cocoa, beginning in aztec and mayan civilizations and travelling to europe in the 16th century. Cocoa is the chief agricultural export of ghana and ghanas main cash crop.
Several dutch trading companies work closely with ghanaian cocoa producers. Orla ryan, likewise, in her recent book chocolate nations. Cocobod to address challenges facing cocoa production. The empire became known in europe and arabia as the ghana empire after the title of its emperor, the ghana. The book studies the drivers of success of the cocoa sector in ghana. Cocoa production in a nutshell make chocolate fair. The quality control company, the cocoa research institute of ghana, the cocoa marketing company, and. Cocoa statistics, various issues, and ghana cocoa marketing board, c. In the 1920s, production increased to between 165,000 and 2,000 tons. Topgrafting on chupons of mature trees 64 exercise 5. A reduced kingdom continued to exist after almoravid rule ended, and the. The chief executive officer ceo of the ghana cocoa board cocobod, dr stephen k.
At one point the country was responsible for more than half of the worlds cocoa production. Ghanas cocoa cultivation, however, is noted within the developing world to be one of the most modeled commodities. Hence this poor harvest means that they are going to face a diminished standard of living since they now have less money to cater for their basic. Cocoa was first developed as a crop in many ancient south american cultures, with the aztecs and mayans being the. Ashanti, cocoa and colonialism cocoa early global connections the cocoa tree, theobroma cacao, is indigenous to the rainforests of central america. Early colonial ghana2was the site of one of the most dramatic pioneer booms in the world history of cocoa cultivation. To improve farmers livelihoods, cocoa life has partnered with tree global, a large scale nursery operator to produce highquality cocoa seedlings to be distributed among farmers and help rehabilitate degraded farmlands.
Cocoa production assumed commercial dimension by the beginning of the nineteenth century in ghana. Ghanas cocoa industry has achieved consistent growth, but low global. A documentary on cocoa in ghana golden pod filmed and produced by eagle media house studying the cocoa supply chain in ghana. The role of cocoa in ghanas growth and poverty reduction. Behind ivory coast, ghana is the second largest cocoa exporter in the world. The empire appears to have broken up following the 1076 conquest by the almoravid general abubakr ibnumar. The ivory coast and ghana are by far the two largest producers of cocoa. Since this book and the history of chocolate arrived promptly.
These two are followed by other cocoa producing countries like indonesia, nigeria, cameroon, brazil and ecuador. The production of cocoa begins in the tropical regions around the equator, where the hot and humid climate is well suited for growing cocoa trees. The sad story of ghanas cocoa industry and the way forward. Currently there are seven cocoa growing regions namely ashanti, brong ahafo, eastern, volta, central and western north and. Opuni, says the board has put in place adequate measures to address the systematic challenges facing cocoa. Then, as now, cocoa production was associated with low socioeconomic status while consumption was associated with high socioeconomic status. New analysis on the success driving ghanas boardmanaged cocoa sectorfrom 2000 to 201011 ghana doubled cocoa production to become second largest producer in the worldbetween 2005 and 2012, poverty incidence dropped more. The success story did not only manifested in production. It is known worldwide for its beans used in the manufacture of chocolate. It is guided by the history of cocoa purchases which includes the 1924 as. Ghanas cocoa cultivation, however, is noted within the developing world to be one of the most modeled commodities and valuables. Living and dying for cocoa in west africa african arguments. Cocoa production and processing technology 1st edition.
Trinidad is currently cocoa technical manager for cadbury schweppes plc. The study also contributes to an understanding of historical changes in ghanaian cocoa production. This combination of history and economic clout places cocoa at the. It is one of the worlds most valuable crops, cultivated. Cocoa production in ghana wikipedia republished wiki 2. Trinidad had over 30 years experience of cocoa growing as a tropical agricultural adviser and as a cocoa consultant. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vo. The boardmanaged cocoa sector in ghana, seeks to understand the success of a sector revived through the restructuring of a parastatal, namely the ghana cocoa board cocobod, in an era of market liberalization. Browse the amazon editors picks for the best books of 2019, featuring our favorite reads in more than a dozen categories.
Ghanas cocoa industry contends with growth, poverty. He was editor of cocoa growers bulletin from its first issue in 1963 until 1980 and was a much respected authority on the crop. Between 1910 and 1980 ghana was the worlds largest exporter. Cocoa pruning methods for trees over 5 years old 66 exercise 6.
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